The Black Sea region's cuisine (northern Turkey) is based on corn and anchovies. It can be observed that various regions of the Ottoman Empire contain bits and pieces of the vast Ottoman dishes. Dhimmis in the Muslim Court: Legal Autonomy and Religious Discrimination. [citation needed]. [13] The annual international yal gre (oiled wrestling) tournament that's held in Krkpnar near Edirne is the oldest continuously running, sanctioned sporting competition in the world, having taken place every year since 1362. The two primary streams of Ottoman literature were poetry and prose. Persian Miniature Painting and its Influence on the Art of Turkey and India. In a sense, Iranian Islam is a second advent of Islam itself, a new Islam sometimes referred to as Islam-i Ajam. The inner courtyard and the mosque were inseparable. [] The major centers of Islam in the late medieval and early modern periods, the centers of both political and cultural power, such as India, Central Asia, Iran, Turkey, were all part of this Iranian civilization. Islam is not a nation, nor is it an ethnic group. Most of Irans population speak Indo-Iranian but also some speak Semitic, and Turkic languages. These cultural similarities were perpetuated by poets, artists, architects, artisans, jurists, and scholars, who maintained relations among their peers in the far-flung cities of the Turco-Persian world, from Istanbul to Delhi.[5]. The Islamic moral imagery that survived in informal relations emerged as the model of ideology expressed in its most political form in the Islamic revolution of Iran and in the Islamic idealism of the Afghanistan mujahedin resistance movement.[31][32][33]. Upon the fall of the empire after World War I the Turkish Republic adopted a unitary approach, which leads the different cultures within its borders to mix with each other with the aim of producing a national and cultural identity. He is one of the three greatest ghazal-writers of Persian poetry. Parvins poems have social, humanity, learning and mystic concepts. The Seljuks subsequently gave rise to the Sultanate of Rum in Anatolia, while taking their thoroughly Persianised identity with them, giving it an even more profound and noted history there. (Apr., 1976), pp. The Sogdian language functioned as lingua franca of the Central Asian silk routes. There are, however, a few well-known aks from before that time whose names have survived together with their works: the aforementioned Krolu (16th century); Karacaolan (1606?1689? The vast majority of citizens, however, share a common Turkish culture with some regional, urban-rural, social class, and ethnic variations. Ottoman Divan poetry was a highly ritualized and symbolic art form. The Ottoman system was a multi-ethnic state that enabled people within it not to mix with each other and thereby retain separate ethnic and religious identities within the empire (albeit with a dominant Turkish and Southern European ruling class). The composite Turko-Persian tradition refers to a distinctive culture that arose in the 9th and 10th centuries (AD) in Khorasan and Transoxiana (present-day, Iran, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, minor parts of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan). The Sunni peoples of eastern Mediterranean in Asia Minor, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, and Sunnis of Central Asia and India developed somewhat independently. 2. Beginning with this period, the upper class and the elites in the Ottoman Empire started to use the open and public areas frequently. One favorite is Norooz, a celebration of the Iranian New Year taking place on the Spring Equinox. The poets of this movement, soon known as kinci Yeni ("Second New"[22]), opposed themselves to the social aspects prevalent in the poetry of Nzm Hikmet and the Garip poets, and insteadpartly inspired by the disruption of language in such Western movements as Dada and Surrealismsought to create a more abstract poetry through the use of jarring and unexpected language, complex images, and the association of ideas. The aks were essentially minstrels who traveled through Anatolia performing their songs on the balama, a mandolin-like instrument whose paired strings are considered to have a symbolic religious significance in Alevi/Bektashi culture. Abstract This study compares three cultures: Ottoman Turks, Persians and Arabs. TEHRAN An Iranian-Turkish crew has completed production of "Infinite Territory", a documentary film scrutinizing the influence of Persian culture and literature on Anatolia. Historic achievements of the Efes Pilsen Basketball Team, AFP: Turkey's Turkoglu named NBA's Most Improved Player, BBC Sport: Formula 1 circuit guide: Istanbul, Turkey, Turkish Weightlifting Federation: List of European (Avrupa) records by male and female weightlifters, Turkish Weightlifting Federation: List of World (Dnya) and Olympic (Olimpiyat) records by male and female weightlifters, Ethnic Cuisine - Turkey by Terrie Wright Chrones, Uysal-Walker Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative, "Life and Culture in Turkey" (Study in Turkey), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Turkey&oldid=1134022568, This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 17:00. Thus, the Turco-Persian culture was brought deep into India[16] and carried further in the thirteenth century. February 5 - 15, 2004. [2] . The most popular sport in Turkey is football. New York: Cambridge University Press, Letter from Gyk Khan to Pope Innocent IV, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turco-Persian_tradition&oldid=1134155080, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Empire" as a description of foreign policy, This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 07:22. ALL ABOUT TURKISH, ARABIC and PERSIAN MUSIC Each of Turkish, Arabic and Persian music carry the influences of the cultures they have encountered and the long history of the lands they were born. [14] In short, the Turco-Persian tradition features Persian culture patronized by Turcophone rulers. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Crossing the Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul, Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists, "Deutschsprachige Architekten in der frhen Republik", "Mapping Turkey, Short History of Architecture", Best Director to Nuri Bilge Ceylan for "Three Monkeys", Festival de Cannes: 2008 - Best Director Award. won the Kora Cup in 1996, finished second in the Saporta Cup of 1993, and made it to the Final Four of Euroleague and Suproleague in 2000 and 2001. It was this Persian Islam, rather than the original Arab Islam, that was brought to new areas and new peoples: to the Turks, first in Central Asia and then in the Middle East in the country which came to be called Turkey, and of course to India. They were widely imitated for centuries by poets writing in Persian, as well as in languages deeply influenced by Persian, like Urdu and Ottoman Turkish. Persian poetry is some of the most beautiful poetry in the world and the Persians cultivated four unique types of poetry; the epic, the ghasideh a purpose poem, the masnavi a narrative poem, and the ghazal a lyrical poem. The main institutional means of establishing a consensus of the ulama on these dogmatic issues were the madrasas, formal Islamic schools that granted licensure to teach. Popular customs and ideologies of virtue, sublimity, and permanence, ideas that were entailed in Islamic religious teaching, persisted relatively unchanged. [19] Another major sport in which the Turks have been internationally successful is weightlifting; as Turkish weightlifters, both male and female, have broken numerous world records and won several European,[20] World and Olympic[21] championship titles. [citation needed], The early stages of Turco-Persian cultural synthesis in the Islamic world are marked by cultural, social and political tensions and competition among Turks, Persians, and Arabs, despite the egalitarianism of Islamic doctrine. A remarkable similarity in culture, particularly among the elite classes, spread across territories of Western, Central and South Asia. The buildings constructed in Istanbul during the period between the Turkish conquest of the city in 1453 and the construction of the Istanbul Bayezid II Mosque are also considered works of the early period. (Aug., 1999), pp. Accordingly, the magazine's literary ventures, under the direction of the poet Tevfik Fikret, were geared towards creating a Western-style "high art" in Turkey. Aryan M.Divan [15] Turkish basketball players have also been successful in the NBA. Tiles were used to decorate monuments from early ages in Iran. [] By the time of the great Mongol invasions of the thirteenth century, Iranian Islam had become not only an important component; it had become a dominant element in Islam itself, and for several centuries the main centers of the Islamic power and civilization were in countries that were, if not Iranian, at least marked by Iranian civilization. [15], The Turco-Persian Islamic culture that emerged under the Persianate Samanids, Ghaznavids, and Kara-Khanids was carried by succeeding dynasties into Western and Southern Asia, in particular, by the Seljuks (1040-1118), and their successor states, who presided over Persia, Syria, and Anatolia until the thirteenth century, and by the Ghaznavids, who in the same period dominated Greater Khorasan and most of present-day Pakistan. The complex ideas around non-Arabs in the Muslim world[11][12] lead to debates and changing attitudes that can be seen in numerous Arabic, Persian and Turkic writings before the Mongol expansion. Masnavi is a series of six books of poetry that together are around 25,000 verses. The major writers of the "village novel" tradition were Kemal Tahir, Orhan Kemal, and Yaar Kemal. [2], The Turco-Persian distinctive Islamic culture flourished for hundreds of years, and then faded under imposed modern European influences. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. [5] The combination of these elements in the Islamic society had a strong impact on the religion, because Islam was disengaged from its Arabic background and Bedouin traditions and became a far richer, more adaptable, and universal culture. His other works are: Diwan, Asrar Nameh, Musibat Nameh, Elahi Nameh, Jawaher Nameh and Sharh ul Ghalb. Turkish cuisine inherited its Ottoman heritage which could be described as a fusion and refinement of Turkic and Persian cuisines. Miniature developed into a marriage of artistic and poetic languages and obtained a deep and sincere accordance with poetry. The Ottomans integrated mosques into the community and added soup kitchens, theological schools, hospitals, Turkish baths and tombs. The Edebiyyt- Cedde (New Literature) movement began with the founding in 1891 of the magazine Servet-i Fnn (Scientific Wealth), which was largely devoted to progress (both intellectual and scientific) along the Western model. The most important function of miniature was illustration. Berlinale: 54th Berlin International Film Festival. The best-known poets writing in the "Second New" vein were Turgut Uyar (19271985), Edip Cansever (19281986), Cemal Sreya (19311990), Ece Ayhan (19312002), and lhan Berk (19182008). Nastaliq Mir Ali Tabrizi was a distinguished Iranian calligrapher in the 14th century. The Turkish community is often exceptionally generous, attending to those in need very quickly. [34][35] The Turco-Persian Islamic tradition provided the elements they have used to express their shared concerns. Safavids erected grand mosques and built elegant gardens, collected books (one Safavid ruler had a library of 3,000 volumes) and patronized whole academies. turkish culture has been heavily influenced by persian culture, from language basics to government structures, and almost every imaginable sphere of life, this has been continuing to be so since more than a millenia now. The first radical step away from this trend was taken by Nzm Hikmet, whoduring his time as a student in the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1924was exposed to the modernist poetry of Vladimir Mayakovsky and others, which inspired him to start writing verse in a less formal style. From here it emerged again in Italy, and later grew in popularity among the Turks during the Ottoman era. The Boustan is entirely in verse and consists of stories illustrating the standard virtues such as justice, liberality, modesty and contentment. [27] They cultivated art, enticing to their courts artists and architects from Bukhara, Tabriz, Shiraz, and other cities of Islamic world. The culture of Turkey ( Turkish: Trkiye Kltr) combines a heavily diverse and heterogeneous set of elements that have been derived from the various cultures of the Eastern European, Eastern Mediterranean, Caucasian, Middle East and Central Asian traditions. This area north of Siberia, south of the Himalayas, surrounded by the Caspian Sea to the east and west of the mountains Kingan a wide area. Despite the decline of the ak/ozan tradition in the 19th century, it experienced a significant revival in the 20th century thanks to such outstanding figures as Ak Veysel atrolu (18941973), Ak Mahzuni erif (19382002), Neet Erta (19382012), and many others. The men's national basketball team finished second in Eurobasket 2001; while Efes Pilsen S.K. His works have been translated into more than twenty languages. After the fall of the Uyghur nomadic state, many Turkic peoples moved to Turkestan, then a predominantly Iranian and Tokharian region, which became increasingly Turkicized. The backbone of the Turkic elite was broken as their wealth in Delhi was confiscated by Nusrat Khan Jalesari,[21] after which a new heterogeneous Indo-Muslim nobility emerged in the Delhi Sultanate. Selflessness is noticeable on a day-to-day level. The historian Peter Jackson explains in The New Cambridge History of Islam: "The elite of the early Delhi sultanate comprised overwhelmingly first generation immigrants from Persia and Central Asia: Persians (Tjks), Turks, Ghrs and also Khalaj from the hot regions (garmsr) of modern Afghanistan. These diverse peoples found refuge in the cities. 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